* Emphasis and Memorability: Repetition of key phrases like "John Henry was a steel-drivin' man," "He hammered all day long," and "He drove a steel drill, four feet long" reinforces the central idea of John Henry's incredible strength and determination. This repetition aids in memorization, making the ballad a powerful and lasting piece of oral tradition.
* Building Tension and Suspense: The repeated verses about John Henry's relentless work and the growing competition with the steam drill create a sense of anticipation and urgency. Each repetition amplifies the stakes, highlighting the growing pressure on John Henry and the reader's growing sense of concern for him.
* Heightening Emotional Impact: The repetition of "He hammered all day long" and "He hammered all night long" underscores the exhausting nature of John Henry's work, evoking sympathy for his plight. This repetition also reinforces the tragic ending, emphasizing the ultimate sacrifice he made in the name of human strength and resilience.
* Creating a Rhythmic Flow: The repetitive nature of the ballad's structure provides a natural rhythm and musicality that enhances the storytelling experience. This rhythm acts like a heartbeat, drawing the reader into the narrative and amplifying the emotional weight of the story.
* Symbolism of Labor and Industry: The repetition of phrases like "He hammered and he hammered" and "He worked and he worked" can be seen as symbolic of the relentless demands of industrial labor. The repetition highlights the dehumanizing aspects of work, emphasizing the toll it takes on the individual, both physically and mentally.
In conclusion, the repetition in the John Henry ballad is a powerful tool that serves multiple purposes. It enhances memorability, builds tension, heightens emotional impact, creates a rhythmic flow, and adds layers of symbolism to the story. Through these effects, the repetition ultimately enhances the reader's understanding and appreciation of this classic American folk tale.