The Setting and Atmosphere: The story takes place in a dark and stormy environment, a hallmark of Gothic literature. This atmosphere, combined with the isolation of the characters, creates a sense of dread and unease. The introduction describes a "dreary night" with "a fierce storm" raging, mirroring the inner turmoil of the characters and setting the stage for the haunting events to unfold.
The Supernatural and the Macabre: The very premise of *Frankenstein* involves the supernatural, with the creation of a creature from the dead. This aligns with the Gothic fascination with the grotesque, the uncanny, and the exploration of boundaries between life and death.
The Theme of Isolation and Alienation: Frankenstein, the creator, and his creature are both deeply isolated figures, grappling with the consequences of their actions and shunned by society. This theme of social exclusion and the search for belonging is a key element of Gothic literature, often explored through the experiences of misunderstood or marginalized characters.
The Psychological Exploration of Guilt and Remorse: The introduction highlights the profound guilt and remorse that Frankenstein experiences after bringing his creation to life. This focus on the psychological consequences of the supernatural is characteristic of Gothic literature, where characters are often haunted by their past actions and driven by a sense of guilt and dread.
The Importance of Dreams and Imagination: The genesis of the novel is attributed to a dream Shelley had, where the idea of a "hideous phantom" was born. This emphasis on dreams and imagination aligns with the Gothic tradition's focus on the subconscious, the irrational, and the power of the imagination.
The Role of the Sublime: Shelley's description of the storm and the creation of the monster invokes a sense of the sublime, a concept central to Gothic literature. The sublime refers to experiences that evoke awe, terror, and a sense of the overwhelming power of nature.
In essence, Mary Shelley's introduction to *Frankenstein* sets the stage for a classic Gothic novel, introducing themes of isolation, the supernatural, guilt, and the sublime. By framing the story within a dream-like atmosphere and a setting of darkness and storm, Shelley expertly creates a chilling and unforgettable narrative that perfectly aligns with the conventions of the Gothic genre.