* Electromagnetic induction: Faraday discovered that a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current in a conductor. This discovery formed the basis of electrical generators and transformers, which are essential components of modern power systems.
* Diamagnetism: He discovered that some materials, like bismuth, are repelled by magnetic fields. This phenomenon, known as diamagnetism, is crucial in various technologies, including magnetic levitation.
* Laws of electrolysis: Faraday formulated the laws of electrolysis, which describe the relationship between the amount of electricity passed through a solution and the amount of chemical change produced. These laws are fundamental to the understanding of electrochemistry.
* Faraday cage: He invented the Faraday cage, a device that can shield objects from electric fields. This invention has numerous applications, from protecting electronic equipment to shielding people from lightning strikes.
* Liquefaction of gases: Faraday was also a pioneer in the liquefaction of gases, successfully liquefying chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, and other gases. This research led to the development of refrigeration and other technologies.
Beyond these specific discoveries, Faraday was renowned for his skillful experimental techniques and his ability to explain complex scientific concepts in a clear and engaging way. He was also a gifted lecturer and a popular science communicator, inspiring generations of scientists and engineers.