1. Exploration of Human-Animal Relationship: London uses the story to explore the primal instincts within both humans and animals. Buck, the protagonist, embodies this struggle between domestication and his wild nature. The novel highlights the complex bond between humans and animals, and how it can be both nurturing and restrictive.
2. Critique of Social Darwinism: London lived in a time of rapid societal change and rampant industrialization. Through Buck's journey, he critiques the ruthless "survival of the fittest" philosophy prevalent in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This is evident in the harsh realities of the Alaskan gold rush and the brutality of Buck's early experiences.
3. The Search for Identity: Buck's journey is also a search for his true self. He grapples with his human-imposed identity as a domesticated pet and his primal instincts that pull him towards the wild. This exploration resonates with the individual's search for their place in the world and the complexities of identity formation.
4. Commentary on Human Nature: Beyond the animal world, *The Call of the Wild* offers a commentary on human nature itself. The characters, both human and animal, are driven by greed, power, and survival instincts. This exposes the dark side of humanity and the inherent savagery that lies beneath the surface.
5. Appreciation of Nature: London's own experiences in the Klondike fueled his passion for the Alaskan wilderness. The novel portrays the beauty and power of nature, emphasizing its impact on the human spirit and its potential for both wonder and danger.
Ultimately, *The Call of the Wild* can be seen as a multifaceted narrative that explores the complexities of human-animal relationships, critiques societal structures, and offers a powerful exploration of identity, nature, and the darker aspects of humanity.