What evidence is there in The Wizard of Oz that the relate to Populism?

The Wizard of Oz is a well-known 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and is one of the most iconic and beloved films in American cinema. While it is primarily a children's fantasy story, some scholars and critics have also found political allegories and references to various social, economic, and political movements of the time, including Populism. Here are a few examples of evidence in the film that relate to Populism:

a) The Scarecrow's Intelligence:

The Scarecrow represents the common farmer, who is often portrayed as hardworking but lacking the intellectual knowledge or education of the upper classes. In the film, the Scarecrow longs for a brain, reflecting the idea that Populists believed that the common man had untapped potential and deserved the same opportunities as the wealthy elite.

b) The Tin Man's Heart:

The Tin Man represents the heartless corporations and industrialists who Populists often saw as exploiting the working class. The Tin Man's journey to find a heart symbolizes the call for compassion and humanity in these powerful institutions and economic systems.

c) The Cowardly Lion:

The Cowardly Lion can be seen as a portrayal of the political climate during the rise of Populism in the late 19th century. The Lion's fear and lack of courage reflects the political uncertainties and concerns about the direction of the country at the time.

d) The Wizard's Illusion:

The Wizard of Oz, revealed as a regular man behind a curtain of illusion, represents politicians and leaders who may present a façade of authority but are actually lacking substance and integrity. This aligns with the Populist critique of corrupt and manipulative politicians.

e) Yellow Brick Road:

The Yellow Brick Road, a central element in the film, can be seen as a symbol of hope, a common theme in Populist ideology. The road represents the journey to a better, more prosperous society envisioned by Populist movements.

f) Oz as a Utopian Society:

The Emerald City of Oz, with its promise of a better life and riches for all, could be seen as a representation of the utopian ideals that drew many people to Populism.

While these interpretations are open to debate, the presence of these elements in The Wizard of Oz suggests that it can be seen as a reflection of the social and economic concerns of the Populist movement, despite its primary focus on fantasy and entertainment.