* The rise of nationalism: The rise of nationalism in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries also influenced Romanticism. Romantic writers and artists began to celebrate their national heritage and identity in their work. They believed that each nation had its unique culture and traditions that should be preserved and celebrated.
* The Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution was a major social and economic change that occurred in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Industrial Revolution led to the growth of cities, the decline of rural life, and the rise of a new working class. Romantic writers and artists were often critical of the Industrial Revolution, and they saw it as a threat to traditional values and ways of life.
* The Enlightenment: The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that emphasized reason and science. The Enlightenment had a profound impact on Romantic thought, and many Romantic writers and artists were influenced by Enlightenment ideas. However, Romantic writers and artists also rejected some of the Enlightenment's ideas, such as the belief that human reason could solve all of society's problems.
* The Sturm und Drang movement: The Sturm und Drang movement was a literary movement that originated in Germany in the late 18th century. The Sturm und Drang movement emphasized emotion, passion, and individualism. It had a major influence on Romanticism, and many Romantic writers and artists were influenced by Sturm und Drang ideas.