1. Critique of Materialism: Miller challenges the idea that material wealth and financial success equate to happiness and fulfillment. Through the character of Willy Loman, he illustrates the hollowness of chasing material possessions and the emptiness it can create in one's life. Willy's obsession with his sales career and his constant striving for success ultimately leads to his downfall.
2. Unattainable Ideals: Miller critiques the unrealistic expectations and pressures that society places on individuals to conform to the conventional image of the American Dream. Willy becomes trapped in a cycle of self-deception and denial as he tries to live up to unrealistic ideals of success and social status. His inability to achieve these ideals contributes to his sense of failure and self-worthlessness.
3. Illusion vs. Reality: The play highlights the dissonance between the illusion of the American Dream and the harsh realities of life for many individuals. Miller portrays the harsh realities of Willy's life, including job insecurity, financial struggles, and the lack of a meaningful support system. This contrast between illusion and reality exposes the flaws and limitations of the American Dream ideology.
4. Social Commentary: Miller uses "Death of a Salesman" as a platform to comment on broader social issues and the impact of capitalism on individuals and families. The play critiques the cutthroat nature of the business world, the dehumanizing effects of consumerism, and the decline of traditional values and community in American society.
5. Critique of Success: Miller challenges the narrow definition of success promoted by the American Dream. Through Willy's tragic journey, he suggests that true success lies not in material wealth or social status but in meaningful relationships, personal integrity, and authenticity.
6. Individuality vs. Conformity: The play explores the conflict between individual aspirations and societal expectations. Willy succumbs to the pressures of conformity, trying to fit into the mold of success defined by others. Miller suggests that true fulfillment comes from embracing one's individuality and pursuing one's authentic dreams, even if they deviate from societal norms.
In summary, Arthur Miller's approach to mainstream ideas of the American Dream in "Death of a Salesman" involves a critical examination of the concept, exposing its limitations and the negative consequences it can have on individuals. Miller presents a more nuanced and realistic portrayal of success and happiness, challenging the conventional notions associated with the American Dream.