Understand the playwright. Tennessee Williams based much of "The Glass Menagerie" on people in his own life. A review of his biography, especially his family relationships, can enhance appreciation of the play. The University of Mississippi host a comprehensive website with a biography and links to critical reviews and appreciation of Williams (see Resources).
Research the play. On the surface, "The Glass Menagerie" has a simple plot, following three members of a family at home, and at a dinner party with a guest. Williams uses subtle and complex interactions among the characters to reveal themes of memory and loss, family and abandonment, ambition and the loss of hope. A number of online resources can help readers work through these themes. The L.A. Theater Works has posted a study guide for the play online. Commercial sites including Sparknotes and Gradesaver also offer materials to assist the reader, including summaries, discussion of the major themes and characters, and sample discussion questions (see Resources).
Read the play aloud. Williams writes to be heard more than to be read. Reading the dialogue aloud can add insight to the depth of emotion and tension expressed by the characters.
See the play. Viewing a performance of "The Glass Menagerie" brings to life William's dynamic gifts of word craft and characterization. An audiotape or filmed version of the play can also help the reader appreciate the depth and power of the play.
Compare and contrast "The Glass Menagerie" with William's earlier short story, "Portrait of a Girl in Glass." While the play is based, in part, on the short story, key differences in the plot help point out how William's view of his characters changed over time.