* Challenging Religious Iconography: Ofili deliberately uses religious imagery and symbols, but in a way that subverts traditional depictions of the Virgin Mary. He incorporates elements like elephant dung, which is considered taboo in many cultures, and he places the figure in a provocative and sexually suggestive pose. This challenges traditional religious beliefs and provokes discussion about the nature of faith and representation.
* Race and Identity: Ofili is a Black artist, and his work often explores themes of race and identity. The Virgin Mary in this piece is depicted as a Black woman, which can be seen as a reclaiming of religious imagery by people of color. This challenges the predominantly white representation of religious figures in Western art.
* Sexuality and Power: The inclusion of elephant dung and the provocative pose of the Virgin Mary are often interpreted as a commentary on the relationship between sexuality and power. Some argue that Ofili is challenging the traditional association of purity and innocence with the Virgin Mary, highlighting the complex and sometimes contradictory nature of female sexuality.
* The Role of the Artist: By using unconventional materials and techniques, Ofili challenges traditional artistic boundaries. He argues that art should be a space for questioning and exploring challenging themes, and that it should not be confined by religious dogma or social conventions.
It's important to note that "Holy Virgin Mary" is a very subjective work, and different viewers will interpret it differently. Some may find it offensive or disrespectful, while others may see it as a powerful and thought-provoking exploration of faith, identity, and art. Ultimately, the theme of the work is left open to the viewer's interpretation.