1. Loss of Masculinity: The play highlights the decline of traditional masculine ideals and the resulting sense of disillusionment among men who struggled to find their place in a rapidly changing world. Willy Loman, the play's protagonist, embodies this loss as he grapples with his failures and the realization that his dreams may never be fulfilled.
2. Economic Hardships: The play portrays the economic difficulties faced by many Americans in the aftermath of the war. Willy's struggles to find steady employment and his reliance on commissions symbolize the uncertain and competitive job market during this time. The harsh economic realities underscore the challenges people faced in rebuilding their lives after the war.
3. Social Isolation: The play sheds light on the increasing social isolation and alienation experienced by individuals in a post-war society that was undergoing rapid social and technological transformations. Willy's growing disconnect from his family and community reflects the fragmentation and loss of connection that characterized the era.
4. Materialism and Consumerism: Death of a Salesman critiques the materialistic culture that emerged in post-war America. Willy's obsession with material success and his belief that "the only thing is salesmanship" reflect the prevailing emphasis on consumerism and the pursuit of wealth. The play raises questions about the hollowness of such values and their impact on individuals and society.
5. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Willy Loman's recurring flashbacks to the past suggest that he is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, which was only just beginning to be recognized and understood in the years after World War II. Willy's psychological struggles reflect the emotional scars that many veterans and civilians carried long after the war ended.
6. Unfulfilled Dreams: The play delves into the shattered dreams and deferred aspirations of people in post-war America. Willy's unfulfilled ambitions and his preoccupation with the past symbolize the collective loss of hope and optimism that characterized the post-war era. The play serves as a critique of the American Dream and its unattainability for many ordinary individuals.
7. Role of Women: Death of a Salesman addresses the changing roles and expectations of women during this period. Willy's wife, Linda, represents the traditional housewife who supports her丈夫but feels increasingly frustrated by his failures and illusions. The play also hints at the emergence of a more independent female role through the character of Willy's daughter-in-law, who challenges the traditional gender norms of the time.
In conclusion, Death of a Salesman captures the essence of post-war life by exploring themes of disillusionment, economic hardships, social isolation, materialism, psychological trauma, and unfulfilled dreams. The play offers a poignant reflection on the transformation of the American Dream and its impact on the lives and struggles of ordinary people in the aftermath of World War II.