Plot is a series of actions and events that happen in the story. The actions and events in the story are based around one central conflict that usually happens at the beginning of your story that sets the story in motion. The actions or events that come after the initial conflict should be related to the initial event and are referred to as complications or obstacles that your central character must overcome. After the complications should come a turning point for your character, which is the major climax of the story. Finally, there must a conclusion or resolution for the actions and events of the story.
The setting of your short story is where the action of the story happens. Setting includes place, time and culture of where your story happens. The setting of the story also provides a richness and depth to your story as it can relate to the main message or idea you are trying to get across to your readers. Think of your setting as a scenic background for which the drama of your tale will take place.
In a short story, you want to keep your characters to a minimum, but there should be at least two characters: a protagonist and an antagonist. The protagonist is usually your main character and the character that you want your readers to root for. The protagonist is also the character that changes the most during the course of events in your story. The antagonist is usually the opposite of your protagonist. The antagonist is someone who puts obstacles in the way of your main character, creates difficulties and challenges your character. The essence of your character is often revealed through conflict between protagonist and antagonist.
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The theme of your short story is the essential meaning of your tale. Short stories often have single themes and illustrate a simple idea, such as the result of certain actions on behalf of either the protagonist or antagonist. Theme can be reflected in a variety of different ways throughout your story. Incorporate your theme in your short story through setting, clothing, music and sounds, certain smells, things characters touch or hold, transportation and the occupations and abilities of your characters.