Who is Ruth Putnam in The Crucible by Arthur Miller?

In Arthur Miller's play "The Crucible," Ruth Putnam is a central figure in the Salem witch trials. She is the wife of Thomas Putnam, a wealthy and influential landowner in the community. Ruth is fiercely loyal to her husband and shares his desire for power and control. Together, they play significant roles in accusing and condemning innocent individuals of witchcraft.

Ruth is a complex character who reflects the fear, superstition, and moral hysteria prevailing in the Salem community during that time. She genuinely believes in witchcraft and is quick to suspect others of practicing it. Her own troubled past, including the loss of several children, contributes to her irrational beliefs and need for scapegoats.

Driven by her desire to protect her family and community from evil, Ruth becomes a relentless accuser. She claims to have seen Abigail Williams, the play's primary antagonist, and other girls dancing in the woods with the Devil. Ruth's testimony helps fuel the hysteria and leads to the trials and eventual hangings of several individuals, including innocent people like John Proctor and Rebecca Nurse.

Ruth is not entirely driven by malice or cruelty. She believes she is doing the right thing and views her actions as necessary to protect her community from harm. However, her actions have devastating consequences, dividing the town and causing widespread fear and paranoia.

Through the character of Ruth Putnam, Arthur Miller explores themes of power, social class, and the dangers of unchecked accusations. Ruth represents the extremes to which people can be driven by their beliefs and how easily good intentions can be corrupted by fear and prejudice.