Some of his notable works include:
- Redemption and Revelation: A Study in the Theology of the Old Testament (1912)
- The Christian Experience of the Holy Spirit (1920)
- The Religious Ideas of the Old Testament (1913)
- Our Debt to Greece and Rome (1924)
- Religious Thought in Britain in the Nineteenth Century (1931)
- The Life of Paul (1918)
Robinson was also the editor of The People's Bible (1925-1927) and a contributor to The Interpreter's Bible (1934-1939). He was a professor of theology at Oxford University and Cambridge University, and he served as the Principal of Westminster College, Cambridge from 1924 to 1934.
Robinson's work has been influential in the study of the Old Testament, and he is considered to be one of the leading scholars in this field during the early 20th century.