While he faces many dangers and near-death experiences throughout the series, he ultimately survives and achieves his goals of restoring his body and finding the Philosopher's Stone.
Important Note: There are two versions of Fullmetal Alchemist - the original 2003 anime and the 2009 Brotherhood anime. Both follow the same story until a certain point, but then diverge in plot and character arcs. The endings are also different. In the 2003 anime, the story is more focused on original content and has a slightly different ending. However, in both versions, Edward Elric survives and ultimately triumphs.