Ribeiro was born in Rio de Janeiro. His father, a musician, taught him to play the piano at an early age. Ribeiro later studied at the Instituto Nacional de Música with Henrique Oswald and Alberto Nepomuceno.
Ribeiro's compositions include two symphonies, a piano concerto, and several chamber works. His best-known work is the suite "Brasil", which was inspired by Brazilian folk music. Ribeiro also wrote a number of popular songs, including "Aquarela do Brasil".
Ribeiro died in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 85.
Ribeiro's music is often characterized by its use of Brazilian folk melodies and rhythms. His works are also known for their lyrical beauty and their emotional power. Ribeiro is considered to be one of the most important composers of Brazilian music.