Here's a breakdown of key characteristics:
* Composition: They're primarily composed of silica (quartz), giving them their durability and resistance to weathering.
* Formation: They formed during the Eocene epoch (around 56 to 34 million years ago) when the area was covered by a shallow sea and sand deposits accumulated. These sand deposits were then cemented together by silica-rich groundwater, forming the hard sandstone we see today.
* Appearance: They are typically grey or brown in color, with a rough, pitted surface.
* Size: They vary in size, but can be extremely large, reaching up to several tons in weight.
* Significance: They are particularly significant due to their use in prehistoric monuments, like Stonehenge. These stones were moved and arranged by ancient peoples, showcasing a remarkable feat of engineering and a deep connection to the landscape.
The term "sarsen" is thought to come from the Old French word "sarrasin," meaning "Saracen" (a term used for Muslims in medieval Europe). The connection is uncertain, but may have been due to the stones' resemblance to the dark, weathered stones of Saracen lands.
If you want to learn more about sarsen stones, you can research:
* Stonehenge: This iconic monument features a ring of sarsen stones.
* The Avebury Stone Circle: Another remarkable prehistoric site featuring sarsen stones.
* The Sarsen Formation: Learn about the geological process that created these stones.
* Prehistoric Archaeology: Understanding how sarsen stones were used in ancient times.