- Body: Elongated, segmented body divided into two main regions: the cephalothorax (head and thorax combined) and the abdomen (tail).
- Size: Scorpions can range in size from small species that are only a few centimeters in length to larger species that can grow up to 20 centimeters (8 inches) or more.
- Color: Scorpions exhibit a diverse range of colors, including various shades of black, brown, yellow, orange, and red. Some species may also have patterns or markings on their bodies.
Cephalothorax:
- Head: Scorpions have a triangular-shaped head with a pair of prominent compound eyes located on the front.
- Chelicerae: Located near the mouth, these claw-like appendages are modified for capturing and grasping prey.
- Pedipalps: The most notable feature of scorpions. They are powerful, pincer-like claws located in front of the legs and serve multiple functions, including capturing and manipulating prey, defense, and mating rituals.
- Walking Legs: Scorpions have four pairs of walking legs attached to the cephalothorax. Each leg is segmented and ends in a claw.
Abdomen:
- Segmentation: The abdomen consists of multiple segments, with a narrower, segmented "tail" at the end.
- Telson: The tail terminates in a bulb-like structure called the telson. It contains the venom glands and a sharp, venomous stinger. When threatened, scorpions can curl their tail forward, allowing them to deliver a venomous sting.
- Spiracles: Scorpions breathe through spiracles (small openings) located along the sides of the abdomen.
- Sensory Hairs: Scorpions have sensory hairs on their legs and tail, which help them detect vibrations, movements, and changes in the environment.
The specific appearance of scorpions can vary depending on the species. There are over 1,500 known scorpion species, each with its own unique characteristics and adaptations.