1. Rough Selection: The process starts with selecting a suitable rough gemstone that has good color, clarity, and size for faceting.
2. Preforming: The rough gemstone is first preformed into a desired shape, typically a rounded outline, using a diamond saw or a grinding wheel.
3. Facet Planning: The faceter plans the layout of the facets on the gemstone by marking angles and lines on the preform. This plan determines the final shape and proportions of the finished gemstone.
4. Blocking In: The main or girdle facets are cut first, dividing the preform into the basic shape of the final gemstone. These facets set the girdle line, which is the widest part of the stone.
5. Pavilion Facets: The faceter cuts the pavilion facets, which are the facets that form the bottom half of the gemstone. This involves cutting facets at precise angles to create a symmetrical and proportional shape.
6. Crown Facets: After the pavilion is complete, the faceter cuts the crown facets, which form the upper half of the gemstone. The crown facets are responsible for the stone's brilliance and fire.
7. Detailing: Additional facets may be added to enhance the stone's appearance, such as star or checkerboard facets.
8. Polishing: Each facet is then carefully polished to remove any scratches or roughness, resulting in a smooth and reflective surface.
9. Inspection: The finished gemstone is thoroughly inspected under magnification to ensure its quality, symmetry, and proportionality.
10. Cleaning: The gemstone is cleaned to remove any residue from the faceting process.
The end result of faceting is a beautifully faceted gemstone that sparkles with brilliance and reflects light in a way that showcases its unique characteristics.