* In Shakespeare's time: During the Elizabethan era, when The Merchant of Venice was written and first performed, the audience would have likely seen the play as a moral tale with comedic elements. They may have found Shylock to be a villain and enjoyed his defeat, while sympathizing with the plight of Antonio and his friends.
* In the 18th and 19th centuries: During these periods, The Merchant of Venice was often seen as a lighthearted romantic comedy, with Shylock playing a comical role. The portrayal of Shylock as a villainous and greedy Jew was often exaggerated and played for laughs.
* In the 20th century and beyond: As society became more aware of issues of race, ethnicity, and antisemitism, the negative portrayal of Shylock began to be seen as problematic. Audiences started to question the play's treatment of Jewish characters and the underlying prejudices. Productions and interpretations of the play started to evolve, emphasizing the nuances of the characters and exploring themes of prejudice, mercy, and the complexities of human nature.
* Modern interpretations: Today, The Merchant of Venice is still a widely performed and discussed play. Audiences may approach it with various interpretations and critical perspectives. Some productions highlight Shylock's humanity and the injustices he faces, inviting audiences to empathize with him. Others focus on the play's themes of mercy and forgiveness and the moral struggles of the characters. Contemporary productions often aim to present a balanced and thought-provoking exploration of the play's complexities.
It's worth noting that audience reactions can be influenced by a combination of factors, including cultural norms, historical context, directorial choices, and the actors' performances. The play has endured for centuries due to its timeless themes and characters, which continue to resonate with audiences of different backgrounds and perspectives.