Shading refers to the gradual change in the darkness or lightness of an area of an object or scene. This can be used to create the illusion of depth, as darker areas appear to be closer to the viewer, while lighter areas appear to be further away. Shading can also be used to highlight the details of an object, such as its texture or shape.
Tone refers to the overall lightness or darkness of an object or scene. This is determined by the amount of light that is reflected off the surface of an object. Lighter areas are more reflective, while darker areas are less reflective. Tone can be used to create contrast and to emphasize certain areas of a composition.
Shading and tone are both essential elements of art that can be used to create a variety of effects. By carefully controlling the shading and tone of an image, an artist can create a strong sense of depth and form, and highlight the details of a scene.