Renaissance:
* Leonardo da Vinci: Known for Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and Vitruvian Man.
* Michelangelo: Famous for the Sistine Chapel ceiling, David, and Pietà.
* Raphael: Renowned for his Madonnas, The School of Athens, and the Raphael Rooms in the Vatican.
* Titian: Master of Venetian Renaissance painting, known for Venus of Urbino and Danaë.
* Sandro Botticelli: Famous for The Birth of Venus and Primavera.
Baroque:
* Caravaggio: Known for his dramatic use of light and shadow, and works like The Calling of Saint Matthew and Judith Beheading Holofernes.
* Rembrandt: Master of chiaroscuro, known for The Night Watch and Self-Portraits.
* Diego Velázquez: Famous for Las Meninas, The Surrender of Breda, and portraits of the Spanish royal family.
* Peter Paul Rubens: Known for his dynamic compositions and fleshy figures, like The Garden of Eden and The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus.
Impressionism:
* Claude Monet: Famous for his water lily paintings and capturing the effects of light, like Impression, Sunrise and Water Lilies.
* Pierre-Auguste Renoir: Known for his paintings of Parisian life, like Le Moulin de la Galette and Luncheon of the Boating Party.
* Edgar Degas: Famous for his paintings of dancers and horse racing, like La Classe de Danse and The Race Track.
* Édouard Manet: Known for his controversial paintings that challenged traditional academic art, like Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe and Olympia.
Post-Impressionism:
* Vincent van Gogh: Famous for his Starry Night, Sunflowers, and Self-Portraits, known for his vibrant colors and emotional intensity.
* Paul Cézanne: Known for his still lifes and landscapes, like Mont Sainte-Victoire and Still Life with Apples and Pears.
* Paul Gauguin: Famous for his Tahitian paintings, like Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? and Vision After the Sermon.
20th Century & Beyond:
* Pablo Picasso: Known for his Cubist paintings, Guernica, and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.
* Salvador Dalí: Famous for his Surrealist paintings, like The Persistence of Memory and Gala Contemplating the Mediterranean Sea, Which at Twenty Meters Becomes the Portrait of Abraham Lincoln.
* Frida Kahlo: Known for her self-portraits and paintings exploring identity, pain, and Mexican culture.
* Andy Warhol: Famous for his Pop Art paintings, like Campbell's Soup Cans and Marilyn Diptych.
* Mark Rothko: Known for his abstract color field paintings, like Black on Maroon and Orange and Yellow.
* Jackson Pollock: Famous for his action painting techniques, like Lavender Mist and Number 1, 1950.
This list is just a starting point. There are countless other incredibly talented and influential painters throughout history, and many contemporary artists continue to shape the world of art.