Who painted portraits of many the great men who were creating a new American Republic based on natural rights and limited government?

The painter you're likely thinking of is Gilbert Stuart, who is considered the most famous portraitist of the American Revolution era. He painted portraits of many key figures in the founding of the United States, including:

* George Washington (multiple versions, including the iconic "Athenaeum" portrait)

* John Adams

* Thomas Jefferson

* Alexander Hamilton

* James Madison

Stuart's work captured the spirit of the new nation, emphasizing the dignity, intellect, and conviction of the men who shaped its destiny. He often employed a neoclassical style, giving his subjects a timeless and noble quality.

While Stuart was the most prolific, other artists also contributed to the visual record of the American Revolution and its founders. These include:

* Charles Willson Peale - Painted portraits of many prominent figures, including Washington, Franklin, and Lafayette.

* John Trumbull - Known for his historical paintings depicting key events of the Revolution.

* James Earl - Created portraits of prominent figures like John Hancock and Patrick Henry.

These artists played a crucial role in shaping the national identity of the United States, providing a visual representation of the ideals and personalities that shaped the young nation.