Pigments:
* Clay: Different types of clay, often mixed with water, provided a range of colors from red and brown to yellow and white.
* Oxide Minerals: Iron oxides (like ochre) yielded reddish-brown and yellow pigments, while manganese oxides produced brown and black hues.
* Charcoal: Burning wood and other organic materials produced black pigment for drawings and markings.
* Plant Dyes: Certain plants, like berries and roots, were used to create dyes that could be mixed with other ingredients for different shades.
Binders:
* Animal Fat: Oils and fats from animals, like fish and deer, were used to bind pigments to surfaces and create a more durable paint.
* Gum: Natural gums from trees and plants helped to make the paint more viscous and hold its shape.
* Eggs: Egg yolks were sometimes added as a binder and for a more vibrant finish.
Surfaces:
* Animal Skins: Paints were applied to hides and furs for clothing, adornment, and ceremonial purposes.
* Bark: Birch bark was commonly used as a surface for painting, especially for decorations and messages.
* Wood: Wooden objects, like tools and furniture, were often painted for artistic and practical reasons.
* Rocks: Rock surfaces were used for painting, especially in rock art sites.
It's important to note that the specific materials and techniques varied greatly across different Algonquin groups and regions. The use of natural pigments and binders was deeply intertwined with their understanding of the environment and its resources.