The first evidence of Chinese writing dates back to 1200 B.C. with the discovery of inscriptions on oracle bones from the late Shang period. Modern writing and calligraphy became further established in 221 B.C. when the First Emperor of Qin standardized writing into one calligraphic style for the whole kingdom. (See Reference 1)
The First Emperor Qin established "lishu" or "official script" which is easily readable. Other styles include "kaishu" (regular script) with a tight structure, "xingshu" (running hand) executed faster with a looser style, and "caushu" (cursive hand) that uses simplified forms with an exaggerated brush stroke. (See Reference 2)
Chinese calligraphy is created according to certain artistic "rules". Each character occupies its own square, and the overall composition is based on a circle, triangle, or square. There are a set number of strokes per character and none can be added or deleted for decorative effect. Despite these rules, freedom of strokes is encouraged to capture life and movement in the characters. (See Reference 3)