The most common symbol associated with the Day of the Dead are papier-mache skulls (calacas). They signify the relationship between death and rebirth, and honor ancestors. These skulls can portray emotions of the ancestors or, if made into a mask, the mood of the wearer.
In addition to showing emotion, these skulls are often covered in designs, which are painted or drawn on in a symmetrical fashion. These can look tribal and organic, but often include other symbols attributed to the personality of the dead.
Marigolds (cempasuchil) are the most traditional flowers on this day, the yellow color symbolizing death in this culture. Their presence is a reminder of the frailty of life. These flowers can be painted on the skull's surface or real ones can be glued on.
When using color in Day of the Dead designs, be mindful of the importance of color use. Yellow, as mentioned above, is the color of death. Purple is the color of pain, suffering and mourning. Pink is symbolic of celebration. White signifies purity and hope. Orange is the sun. Red is the blood of life.
Skulls can be decorated with feathers, gemstones, beads, paint, flowers and more. It is important to make the skull embellishments as jovial as possible, because this is above all a celebration.