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What Types of Art Thrived During the French Revolution?

Art was a major tool in spreading the French Revolution's message. Works range from accurate portrayals of events through various mediums to exaggerated representations of famous figures. The revolution spanned more than 10 years, from 1789 to 1799. This length of time gave artists the chance to adjust messages or themes as the movement's goals evolved.
  1. Painters

    • Painters of the time captured the revolution on canvas through a neoclassical style. Jacques-Louis David was one of the painters to reflect on the events of the revolution. People of the time interpreted meanings from painting such as "The Horatii," which was thought to be a call to revolt against the king. Fragonard was another popular painter of the period. Thick brushstrokes are a signature of his style. Both still life and portraits also feature in paintings of the time in addition to the revolutionary themes.

    Caricatures

    • Caricatures were in use to inform people about events of the revolution. Some subjects covered include beheadings and new laws. As the revolution went on, the laws covering what was printed or drawn were lessened allowing for this medium to become more popular. Well-known artists of the time participated in making caricatures but most were drawn by anonymous creators.

    Literature And Writings

    • Literature and other writings present stories about the revolution, accounts of actual events and documents that outline changes in the French government such as new laws. Some authors' works reflected hopes of helping the country recover after the revolution ended. Leaders of the revolution also put writing to use in conveying their thoughts. For example, Maximilien Robespierre wrote "On Political Morality" in 1794. Among the revolutionary ideas, elements from the Age of Enlightenment can also be seen in much of the period's writing.

    Music

    • Music was utilized as a tool to change people's opinions or feelings on the entire revolution as well as events. For instance, a law required an audience to sing hymns favoring the revolution at theatre performances. Musicians and composers of the time wrote about the revolution for works that are classified as anthems. One such anthem, "Le Marseillaise," went on to become France's national anthem. Operas known as rescue operas reflect stories of heroes that echo the revolution leaders.

    Theater

    • Theater promoted agendas of the French Revolution. Professional theater groups as well as Jacobin clubs and drama societies worked to bring plays to all people. Themes present include subjects like charity and morality. Moliere's works were highly regarded during the time for its use of comedy to present the ideas.

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