- Increased global trade and exploration lead to the expansion of European influence around the world.
- The rise of firearms and gunpowder technology revolutionized warfare.
- The printing press allowed for the mass production of books, leading to increased literacy and a greater spread of knowledge.
- The Scientific Revolution brought about new understanding in the fields of science, mathematics, and astronomy.
- The Industrial Revolution transformed the way goods were produced, leading to rapid urbanization and the growth of cities.
- The development of steam power and the internal combustion engine revolutionized transportation and communication.
- The 20th century saw the rise of modern warfare with the development of weapons of mass destruction and the conflicts of the World Wars.
-The development of computers, the internet, and information technology has led to a revolution in communication and information sharing.
Post-Classical Era (650-1450 AD)
- Rise of Islam and its expansion through conquests in the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe.
- Development of trade networks connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa.
- Expansion of Christianity and Buddhism.
- The Crusades, a series of religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims.
- Establishment of powerful states in Europe, including the Holy Roman Empire, France, and England.
- The growth of cities and urban centers.
- Development of new technologies, including the compass, astrolabe, and gunpowder.
- The Renaissance, a period of cultural and intellectual flourishing in Europe