1. Celtic Influences: Page has mentioned the influence of Celtic folklore and mythology on his music. The song's acoustic beginning and mystical lyrics have been associated with Celtic imagery and landscapes.
2. J.R.R. Tolkien's Works: Many have drawn parallels between the lyrics of "Stairway to Heaven" and the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien, particularly "The Lord of the Rings." Plant has acknowledged being a Tolkien fan, but he has stated that the song is not directly based on Tolkien's stories.
3. Aleister Crowley and the Occult: Some suggest that the lyrics contain references to the ideas of occultist Aleister Crowley, such as the concept of spiritual ascension symbolized by a spiral or staircase. However, Page and Plant have both denied any intention to include occult themes in the song.
4. Personal Experiences and Emotions: Page and Plant have also spoken about the song's emotional origins. Plant has described it as coming from a place of inner reflection and a search for meaning in life's journey. Page mentioned the loss of friends and bandmates as a source of inspiration, adding a sense of wistful remembrance and a contemplation of life's transience.
Ultimately, while there may be various sources of inspiration, the exact interpretation of "Stairway to Heaven" and its lyrics remain open to the audience's own reflections and personal connections.