1. Marks: These are the basic building blocks of a Tableau visualization and are analogous to the data points in a spreadsheet. Each mark represents a single piece of data and can be used to encode different attributes of the data. For example, a circle mark could represent a customer, and its color could encode the customer's gender.
2. Encodings: These are how you map the attributes of your data to the visual properties of your marks. For example, you could encode the customer's gender by mapping the color of the circle to the customer's gender.
3. Aggregation: This allows you to group your data together and summarize it by computing aggregate functions such as sum, average, and count. For example, you could group your customer data by gender and calculate the average sales for each gender.
4. Filters: These allow you to subset your data and only display the data that meets certain criteria. For example, you could filter your customer data to only show customers who purchased a certain product.
5. Sorting: This allows you to arrange your data in a specific order. For example, you could sort your customer data by sales to see which customers are the most profitable.
6. Calculations: These allow you to create new fields or modify existing ones based on formulas and expressions. For example, you could create a new field called "Discount" that is calculated as a percentage of the original price.
7. Customizable Axes and Legends: You can change the scale and appearance of axes, as well as customize legends to make them more informative.
8. Interactive features: Tableau also supports interactive features, like tooltips and highlighting, to further explore the data.
These are just some of the elements that make up a Tableau visualization. By combining these elements, you can create powerful and insightful visualizations that help you understand your data.