1. Background:
- Eteocles is the elder son of Oedipus and Jocasta, born before the fulfillment of a prophecy that Oedipus would kill his father and marry his mother.
- Polyneices is the younger son, born after the fulfillment of the prophecy. He is often depicted as being favored by his mother.
2. Character Traits:
- Eteocles is portrayed as a strong, ambitious, and power-hungry individual. He is determined to rule Thebes and is willing to use any means necessary to achieve his goals.
- Polyneices is characterized as impulsive, emotional, and easily influenced. He is quick to anger and resentment and is often driven by his desire for revenge.
3. Relationship with Thebes:
- Eteocles remains in Thebes and becomes the city's king. He is consumed by his responsibility to protect Thebes and its citizens, even if it means sacrificing his own life.
- Polyneices leaves Thebes after a dispute with Eteocles and seeks help from neighboring states to wage war against his brother. He is more focused on personal vengeance than on the welfare of Thebes.
4. Views on Authority:
- Eteocles believes in maintaining order and stability in the kingdom. He considers his kingship as a sacred duty and refuses to bow down to external pressures or threats.
- Polyneices challenges Eteocles' authority and considers himself the legitimate ruler of Thebes. He is willing to overthrow his brother and use force to gain power.
5. Fate:
- Eteocles and Polyneices are ultimately destined to meet a tragic fate. According to the prophecy, they are destined to kill each other in battle.
- Their relentless rivalry leads to the destruction of Thebes and their own deaths, emphasizing the consequences of their actions and choices.
In summary, Eteocles and Polyneices represent contrasting character traits and motivations. While Eteocles is focused on duty, responsibility, and the preservation of Thebes, Polyneices is driven by ambition, resentment, and a desire for vengeance. Their differences ultimately lead to a devastating conflict between brothers and the downfall of their kingdom.