1. Selecting the right rock: Native Americans carefully selected rocks that were suitable for making arrowheads. They looked for rocks that were hard, fine-grained, and free from cracks or flaws.
2. Knapping: The primary technique used to create arrowheads is called knapping. Knapping involves striking the rock with a specially designed hammerstone to break off small flakes. This process is repeated multiple times to shape the rock into the desired form.
3. Pressure flaking: After the initial knapping, Native Americans used pressure flaking to refine the shape and create sharp edges. This technique involves applying controlled pressure with a bone or antler tool to remove small flakes and create a smooth, sharp surface.
4. Notching: Notches were created at the base of the arrowhead to attach it securely to the arrow shaft. Notching was typically done by making small cuts on opposite sides of the arrowhead's base.
5. Grinding and polishing: The final step involved grinding and polishing the arrowhead to achieve a desired level of smoothness and sharpness. This was done by rubbing the arrowhead against a stone or abrasive surface.
Native American arrowheads exhibited remarkable precision and craftsmanship. The specific techniques and styles of arrowhead production varied among different tribes and regions.