Melee Weapons:
* Swords: The most common sword types included the *khanda* (double-edged, curved), *talwar* (single-edged, curved), *katar* (dagger with a hilt perpendicular to the blade), and *kirpan* (a ceremonial sword with a curved blade).
* Spears: These were essential for both thrusting and throwing, and could be crafted from wood or metal.
* Axes: Used for both cutting and chopping, axes varied in size and design, with some featuring double-headed blades.
* Maces: Heavy bludgeoning weapons with spiked heads were favored by warriors.
* Clubs: Simpler, often improvised weapons, typically made from wood.
* Bows and Arrows: A primary ranged weapon, these were used by both foot soldiers and archers on horseback.
* Slings: These employed a projectile of stone or lead, launching them with considerable force.
Ranged Weapons:
* Javelins: Heavier than spears, these were designed for throwing and could be equipped with barbed or fletched tips.
* Boomerangs: While not as common as other weapons, some evidence suggests their use in certain regions.
* Catapults: These mechanical siege engines launched large projectiles, including stones and burning materials.
* Siege Engines: Other types of siege machinery, like battering rams, were employed to break down fortifications.
Armour:
* Helmets: These protected the head and were often decorated with crests or horns.
* Armor: Shields, breastplates, and gauntlets were common, made of leather, metal, or a combination of materials.
Other Weapons:
* Poison: Some weapons, like arrows or daggers, could be coated with toxins.
* Fire Weapons: The use of flaming projectiles or fire-based siege tactics was known.
Notable Weaponry Across Different Eras:
* Vedic Period (1500-500 BCE): During this time, bronze weapons were prevalent, such as swords, axes, and spearheads.
* Mauryan Period (322-185 BCE): The Mauryans were renowned for their well-equipped army, including swords, spears, and bows. They also utilized elephants in warfare.
* Gupta Period (320-550 CE): This era saw the development of improved metallurgy, leading to stronger and more sophisticated weaponry, including iron swords and armor.
* Medieval Period (1206-1526 CE): Muslim invaders introduced new weapons, such as gunpowder and cannons, which significantly impacted Indian warfare.
It's essential to remember that these were not always distinct categories. Warriors often used a combination of weapons based on their role, social status, and the nature of the conflict. The development and sophistication of weaponry in ancient India reflected its evolving military strategies and technological advancements.