- Copper: Chile is the world's largest producer of copper, and Peru is also a major producer. Several regions in Argentina and Ecuador feature vast copper reserves, but exploitation has mainly been limited to Chile and Peru.
- Gold: Peru, Chile, and Central America are the main gold-producing countries in the region, with Colombia, Bolivia, and Ecuador having considerable gold deposit.
- Silver:Peru and Mexico are the top two silver producers in Latin America, and also two of the largest globally. Bolivia and Argentina possess the region's largest reserves.
- Lithium: Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina hold some of the world's largest lithium reserves, particularly in the "lithium triangle" region. Argentina alone has the world’s second largest lithium reserves.
- Iron Ore: Brazil is a major producer of iron ore, with reserves mostly located in the Serra dos Carajás and Quadrilátero Ferrífero regions.
- Bauxite: Brazil, Jamaica, and Suriname are the main bauxite producers, supplying raw material for their respective aluminum industries. Guyana has significant untapped bauxite resources.
- Oil: Venezuela, Mexico, Brazil, and Ecuador are major oil producers in Latin America. Significant untapped reserves are found in the Orinoco Basin in Venezuela and in the Amazon rainforest area.
- Natural Gas: Venezuela and Bolivia have significant natural gas reserves, as well as countries such as Argentina and Trinidad and Tobago. The development of reserves has been limited by challenges such as infrastructure, political instability, and market dynamics.
Agricultural Resources
- Soybean: Brazil is the world's largest producer and exporter of soybeans and accounts for about one-third of global soybean production. Argentina is also a major soy producer within Latin America.
- Coffee: Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico are the top coffee producers in the region. Colombia has gained popularity for its high-quality specialty coffees.
- Sugarcane: Brazil is also the world's largest producer and exporter of sugarcane, and this sector remains a substantial part of the country's economy. Latin America also produces a major share of global sugarcane.
- Maize: Brazil and Argentina are the major producers of maize in Latin America and are regionally important for staple food provisioning.
- Bananas: Several Latin American countries, such as Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Guatemala, are notable banana producers and global exporters.
- Citrus Fruits: Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina collectively account for a significant share of global orange and grapefruit production and exports.
- Avocado: Mexico is the world's largest producer and exporter of avocados, followed by Peru. Chile, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic are also important producers.
Forestry Resources
- Tropical Rainforests: Latin America is responsible for over half of the world's remaining tropical rainforest cover, with Brazil, Peru, and the Amazon Basin being the most notable areas.
- Timber: The region is a significant source of tropical timber, including valuable hardwood species like mahogany and rosewood.
- Pulp and Paper: Brazil, Chile, and Mexico have well-established pulp and paper industries, processing both imported and domestically produced wood.
Water Resources
- Rivers: Latin America has an extensive river system that provides both water and transportation, with the Amazon, Paraná, and the Orinoco being prominent examples.
- Hydropower: Several countries, such as Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela, have significant hydroelectric power generation capacity, utilizing the abundant river systems.
Renewable Energy Resources
- Solar Energy: Northern Chile, the Atacama Desert, and regions of Mexico, Brazil, and Peru have excellent solar resources.
- Wind Energy: Mexico and some Andean nations, such as Peru, Chile, and Argentina, have advantageous wind energy conditions.
- Geothermal Energy: Countries with volcanic activities like Chile and El Salvador have potential for geothermal energy.