Romanticism:
* Eugène Delacroix: Known for his dramatic, emotionally charged paintings like "Liberty Leading the People" and "The Death of Sardanapalus."
* Francisco Goya: A Spanish artist known for his dark, satirical, and often haunting works like "The Third of May 1808" and "Saturn Devouring His Son."
* Caspar David Friedrich: A German Romantic painter whose landscapes like "The Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog" captivated audiences.
* J.M.W. Turner: An English painter who pushed the boundaries of landscape painting with works like "The Fighting Temeraire" and "Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway."
* William Blake: An English painter and poet known for his mystical and symbolic works, including "The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun."
Realism:
* Gustave Courbet: A French painter who focused on portraying everyday life and working-class subjects in works like "The Stonebreakers" and "A Burial at Ornans."
* Jean-François Millet: Another French Realist painter famous for depicting rural life, particularly in his work "The Gleaners."
* Édouard Manet: A transitional artist who helped bridge the gap between Realism and Impressionism, known for works like "Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe" and "Olympia."
Impressionism:
* Claude Monet: A leading figure in Impressionism, known for his paintings of water lilies and landscapes.
* Pierre-Auguste Renoir: Known for his vibrant depictions of people, especially women, and his use of light and color.
* Edgar Degas: Famous for his paintings and sculptures of dancers and horse racing scenes.
Ultimately, the "most famous" painter of the 1800s depends on your definition of fame and what you value in art. Each of these artists played a vital role in shaping the artistic landscape of the 19th century, and their works continue to inspire and resonate with audiences today.